{"id":2716,"date":"2025-09-21T12:12:35","date_gmt":"2025-09-21T10:12:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inmama.cz\/?p=2716"},"modified":"2025-09-21T12:12:36","modified_gmt":"2025-09-21T10:12:36","slug":"vyvoj-ditete-mezi-2-a-3-rokem-zivota","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inmama.cz\/?p=2716","title":{"rendered":"V\u00fdvoj d\u00edt\u011bte mezi 2. a 3. rokem \u017eivota"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>T\u0159et\u00ed rok \u017eivota je pln\u00fd kontrast\u016f. D\u00edt\u011b je na jednu stranu velmi \u0161ikovn\u00e9 a samostatn\u00e9, na druhou stranu st\u00e1le pot\u0159ebuje bl\u00edzkost a jistotu. \u0158e\u010d se rychle vyv\u00edj\u00ed, hra se m\u011bn\u00ed z jednoduch\u00e9ho napodobov\u00e1n\u00ed na&nbsp;<strong>fantazii<\/strong>. A spole\u010densk\u00fd \u017eivot za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 b\u00fdt \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l zaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Pohyb a motorika<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>D\u00edt\u011b se\u00a0<strong>pohybuje s jistotou<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 b\u011bh\u00e1, sk\u00e1\u010de, \u0161plh\u00e1, n\u011bkdy u\u017e i jezd\u00ed na odr\u00e1\u017eedle.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Um\u00ed si samo\u00a0<strong>sednout na malou \u017eidli\u010dku<\/strong>, za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 se u\u010dit kopat a h\u00e1zet m\u00ed\u010dem.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zlep\u0161uje se jemn\u00e1 motorika \u2013\u00a0<strong>stav\u00ed v\u011b\u017ee z kostek<\/strong>, kresl\u00ed \u010d\u00e1ry a kole\u010dka, listuje kn\u00ed\u017ekami.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u010casto za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 zvl\u00e1dat\u00a0<strong>z\u00e1klady hygieny<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 myt\u00ed rukou, \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zub\u016f, pomoc p\u0159i obl\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0158e\u010d a my\u0161len\u00ed<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Obrovsk\u00fd\u00a0<strong>rozvoj slovn\u00ed z\u00e1soby<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 d\u00edt\u011b spojuje 2\u20133 slova, do 3 let m\u016f\u017ee ovl\u00e1dat 300\u20131000 slov (velk\u00e9 individu\u00e1ln\u00ed rozd\u00edly).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 se pt\u00e1t \u201e<strong>co to je?<\/strong>\u201c nebo \u201e<strong>pro\u010d?<\/strong>\u201c \u2013 objevuje souvislosti a chce v\u0161emu rozum\u011bt.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rozum\u00ed kr\u00e1tk\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016fm, \u0159\u00edkank\u00e1m, za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1\u00a0<strong>opravdu komunikovat<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 sd\u011bluje, co chce, co se mu l\u00edb\u00ed, co ho tr\u00e1p\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Objevuje se\u00a0<strong>vnit\u0159n\u00ed \u0159e\u010d<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 d\u00edt\u011b p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161l\u00ed nahlas, popisuje, co d\u011bl\u00e1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdvoj a emoce<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>D\u00edt\u011b za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 rozli\u0161ovat \u201ej\u00e1\u201c a \u201ety\u201c. \u010casto \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u201e<strong>j\u00e1 s\u00e1m!<\/strong>\u201c \u2013 touha po samostatnosti je velmi siln\u00e1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Projevuje siln\u00e9 emoce \u2013\u00a0<strong>radost, smutek, zlost<\/strong>, n\u011bkdy i \u017e\u00e1rlivost.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>U\u010d\u00ed se empatii \u2013 ch\u00e1pe, kdy\u017e je n\u011bkdo smutn\u00fd, za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 se omlouvat nebo ut\u011b\u0161ovat.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>R\u00e1do si hraje s ostatn\u00edmi d\u011btmi, ale st\u00e1le\u00a0<strong>p\u0159evl\u00e1d\u00e1 paraleln\u00ed hra<\/strong>\u00a0(vedle sebe, ne nutn\u011b spolu).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Hra a fantazie<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Hra se st\u00e1v\u00e1\u00a0<strong>c\u00edlenou a tvo\u0159ivou<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 d\u00edt\u011b si vym\u00fd\u0161l\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy, hraje si na doktora, maminku, prodava\u010de.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Obl\u00edben\u00e9 jsou hra\u010dky jako\u00a0<strong>kuchy\u0148ky, panenky, auta, n\u00e1\u0159ad\u00ed, stavebnice, plastel\u00edna, pastelky<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u00edt\u011b si za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 vyb\u00edrat hra\u010dky podle z\u00e1jmu a preference \u2013 vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed si\u00a0<strong>vztah k v\u011bcem a postav\u00e1m<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u201eObdob\u00ed vzdoru\u201c \u2013 norm\u00e1ln\u00ed a zdrav\u00fd v\u00fdvoj<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Mezi 2. a 3. rokem obvykle vrchol\u00ed tzv.&nbsp;<strong>prvn\u00ed obdob\u00ed vzdoru<\/strong>. D\u00edt\u011b testuje hranice, zkoum\u00e1, co si m\u016f\u017ee dovolit. M\u016f\u017ee k\u0159i\u010det, plakat, h\u00e1zet se o zem. I kdy\u017e je to n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9, je to&nbsp;<strong>p\u0159irozen\u00e1 sou\u010d\u00e1st v\u00fdvoje<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udfe2 Co pom\u00e1h\u00e1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nab\u00edzet\u00a0<strong>volbu<\/strong>\u00a0(\u201eChce\u0161 \u010derven\u00e9 tri\u010dko, nebo modr\u00e9?\u201c).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nastavit jasn\u00e1 pravidla, ale s\u00a0<strong>laskav\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zachovat klid \u2013 d\u00edt\u011b se u\u010d\u00ed regulaci emoc\u00ed hlavn\u011b t\u00edm, \u017ee\u00a0<strong>vid\u00ed v\u00e1s<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pojmenov\u00e1vat emoce: \u201eZlob\u00ed\u0161 se, proto\u017ee chce\u0161 je\u0161t\u011b ven. Ch\u00e1pu to.\u201c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Na co se zam\u011b\u0159it v tomto obdob\u00ed<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2705&nbsp;<strong>Podpora samostatnosti:<\/strong>&nbsp;Nechte d\u00edt\u011b pom\u00e1hat \u2013 s obl\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00edm, \u00faklidem hra\u010dek, p\u0159i j\u00eddle. U\u010dte ho mal\u00e9 \u00fakoly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2705&nbsp;<strong>Rozvoj \u0159e\u010di:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u010ct\u011bte si, zp\u00edvejte, pov\u00eddejte si. Odpov\u00eddejte na ot\u00e1zky, i kdy\u017e se opakuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2705&nbsp;<strong>Ritu\u00e1ly a struktura:<\/strong>&nbsp;D\u00edt\u011b se c\u00edt\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u011b v prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kde v\u00ed, co ho \u010dek\u00e1 \u2013 pravideln\u00fd re\u017eim pom\u00e1h\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2705&nbsp;<strong>Hodn\u011b pohybu a hry:<\/strong>&nbsp;Pot\u0159ebuje vyb\u00edt energii. Pohyb a aktivn\u00ed hra pom\u00e1h\u00e1 i regulaci emoc\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2705&nbsp;<strong>D\u016fslednost bez trest\u016f:<\/strong>&nbsp;M\u00edsto k\u0159iku funguje l\u00e9pe pevn\u00e9, klidn\u00e9 \u201ene\u201c a nab\u00eddka alternativy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Z\u00e1v\u011brem<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Druh\u00e9 a t\u0159et\u00ed narozeniny p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed do \u017eivota d\u011bt\u00ed a rodi\u010d\u016f obrovsk\u00e9 zm\u011bny. Je to doba, kdy se formuje osobnost, charakter i schopnost samostatn\u011b jednat. A\u010dkoliv je to obdob\u00ed pln\u00e9 v\u00fdzev, je z\u00e1rove\u0148 nesm\u00edrn\u011b kouzeln\u00e9. D\u00edt\u011b v tomto v\u011bku v\u00e1m u\u017e m\u016f\u017ee \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee v\u00e1s m\u00e1 r\u00e1do \u2013 a to za v\u0161e stoj\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u0159et\u00ed rok \u017eivota je pln\u00fd kontrast\u016f. D\u00edt\u011b je na jednu stranu velmi \u0161ikovn\u00e9 a samostatn\u00e9, na druhou stranu st\u00e1le pot\u0159ebuje bl\u00edzkost a jistotu. \u0158e\u010d se rychle vyv\u00edj\u00ed, hra se m\u011bn\u00ed&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2717,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2716","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dite"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inmama.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2716","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inmama.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inmama.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inmama.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inmama.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2716"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/inmama.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2716\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2718,"href":"https:\/\/inmama.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2716\/revisions\/2718"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inmama.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2717"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inmama.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2716"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inmama.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2716"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inmama.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2716"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}